Phase transformations—in which a material changes from one crystal structure to another, thereby acquiring dramatically different properties—are ubiquitous in nature. Understanding the microscopic ...

Over the past few decades, engineers have developed various devices that can create holograms, three-dimensional (3D) or ...

A deep reinforcement learning framework optimizes silicon-based photonic crystal fiber modulators, achieving ultra-low ...

Abstract: The automatic modulation recognition of communication signals plays an important role in military and civilian fields. Most of the existing recognition algorithms focus on a single ...