In complex environments such as dense forests, detecting and tracking moving targets presents significant challenges due to ...

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a population-based metaheuristic inspired by the collective foraging behaviour of birds and fish, widely applied to continuous and discrete global optimisation ...

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based metaheuristic inspired by collective animal behaviour, widely employed to address high-dimensional, nonlinear and dynamic problems ...

Using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, the study found that coordinated sizing and dispatch of distributed energy resources can ...