In 2025, fragile and conflict-affected (FCS) included 38 economies that are home to 1 billion people. The recent shocks have intensified fragility-related pressures even in more stable economies. This ...

This Economic Letter summarizes the papers presented at the conference “Macroeconomic Models for Monetary Policy” held at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco on March 1-2, 2002, under the joint ...

The interplay between decarbonization strategies and the macroeconomy plays a crucial role in informing equitable and effective public policy. The National Academies will convene a workshop to explore ...

Central banks and other policy institutions have a long history of using macroeconomic models to help prepare forecasts and to quantify the economic consequences of various policies. Likewise, private ...

We survey the literature on the relationship between macroeconomic stability and inclusive growth and identify gaps in our knowledge. We examine the role of macroeconomic policies (fiscal, monetary, ...

Agent-based modelling (ABM) has emerged as a pivotal tool in macroeconomics and economic policy analysis. By simulating the interactions of numerous heterogeneous agents — such as households, firms, ...

Pan Gongsheng, governor of the People's Bank of China, told reporters Wednesday there was room to further cut banks' reserve requirements — the amount of cash they need to have on hand. He was ...

Winston Churchill (1874-1965), then Chancellor of the Exchequer in Britain, public speaking in Epping, 1924. Winston Churchill (1874-1965), then Chancellor of the Exchequer in Britain, public speaking ...

Fiscal policy is central to development. It can support macroeconomic stability, foster growth, and help reduce poverty. Taxes fund essential services, while public spending builds human capital and ...

Section 1. Background. In 2017, my Administration pursued trade and economic policies that put the American economy, the American worker, and our national security first. This spurred an American ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...